Difference between revisions of "John Henry Willis Hawkins (1855-1923), Architect"

Revision as of 09:31, 26 December 2017

DBA: J. H. W. Hawkins

Born in Glen Falls, New York to Rev. William G. and Narcissa Hawkins in 1855, John H. W. Hawkins was the grandson and namesake of a leading temperance crusader.[20][21][a] The architect J. H. W. Hawkins was educated at Cornell University, graduating in 1877. By 1878, he was advertising as an architect in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, carrying out a a very active practice there through 1885. While in Wilkes-Barre, he married Mary Murray in 1881. Hawkins came to Lincoln, Nebraska in 1886, where his father was an Episcopal minister. The architect opened an Omaha office by 1890 but probably resided in Lincoln until 1891. He left Omaha to return to Wilkes-Barre for another brief but productive spell from about 1895 to 1902. He completed his career with two decades of practice in Jacksonville, Florida from 1902 through 1922. He died in Denver, Colorado on February 17, 1923.[10][22][27][d]

This page is a contribution to the publication, Place Makers of Nebraska: The Architects. See the format and contents page for more information on the compilation and page organization.

Compiled Nebraska Directory Listings

Lincoln, Nebraska, 1886-1890

Omaha, Nebraska, 1890-1894

Educational & Professional Associations

1874-1877: Cornell University, architecture degree.[24]

1878-1886: architect, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[11]23][49][54][59][60][j]

1886-1890: architect, Lincoln, Nebraska.[16][25][26][61][b][j]

1886-1887: employed as draftsman, then as architect, G. W. Peters

1890-1894: architect, surveyor, and superintendent, Omaha, Nebraska.[c]

1895-1902: architect, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[12]

1902-1922: architect, Jacksonville, Florida.[13][14][18]

1923: died, Denver, Colorado.[10]]

Buildings & Projects

1878-1885, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania

Hawkins quickly established himself as an architect in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, with numerous commissions including the high school, commercial buildings, a church and residences.

Project "for erecting an arch at the corner of Market and River streets" (1878), Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[31]

Band pavilion "on the Common on the river bank" (1878), Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[32]

Three-story brick hotel for P. McPike (1878), Kingston, Pennsylvania.[56][l]

High School (1880-1881), Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[33][44][g]

Plans for Saint Stephen's Church, "one for remodeling and the other for a new edifice entire" (1881), Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[57]

Ella G. Turner house (1881-1882), Franklin Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[34][38][41][44][h]

Block of stores for J. B. Wood (1882), South Main Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[35][38][44]

Block of dwellings for H. S. Rutter (1882), River Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[35][38][41]

German Reform Church (1882), Plymouth, Pennsylvania.[35]

"A large summer hotel in the west" (1882).[35]

"A new residence for a gentleman" (1882), West Pittston, Pennsylvania.[35]

Brick block for A. B. Brown (1882), Pittston, Pennsylvania.[36][44]

Chapel for First Presbyterian Church (1882), Saint Clement and Lockhart Streets, South Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[37][39][41]

Smaller house for Mrs. Ella G. Turner (1882), South Franklin Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[38][41][h]

Wilkes-Barre Female Seminary (1882), Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[38][41]

T. H. Atherton house (1882), South Main Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[38][41][44]

Three-story brick store and dwelling for M. H. Post (1882), West Market Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[38]

New roof for Luzerne County Prison (1882), Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[39][41]

Brick Sunday School building for Memorial Church (1882), North Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[39][41]

Alterations to S. L. Brown's store (1883), south side of the Public Square, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[40][44][i]

Three-story brick building for Union Leader/J. K. Bogert (1883-1884), North Main Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[42][43][44]

Public school building (1884 or before), Pittston, Pennsylvania.[44]

Public school building for Kingston Township School Board (1884), Forty Fort, Pennsylvania.[44][46]

Public school building (1884 or before), Tunkhannock, Pennsylvania.[44]

L. C. Paine store (1884 or before), Public Square, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[44]

R. J. Flick block (1884 or before), South Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[44]

A. T. McClintock block (1884 or before), Franklin Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[44]

Benjamin Reynolds residence (1884 or before), River Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[44]

A. J. Dietrick residence (1884 or before), Franklin Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[44]

Three-story brick dwelling for H. H. Derr (1884), River Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[44][47]

S. W. Townsend residence (1884 or before), Union Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[44]

W. G. Carpenter residence (1884 or before), Union Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[44]

William Puckey residence (1884 or before), Jackson Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[44]

G. S. Ferris residence (1884 or before), West Pittston, Pennsylvania.[44]

Palmer Steele residence (1884 or before), West Pittston, Pennsylvania.[44]

Albert Lewis cottage (1884 or before), Bear Creek, Pennsylvania.[44]

W. J. Harvey cottage (1884 or before), Bear Creek, Pennsylvania.[44]

George Smith cottage (1884 or before), Bear Creek, Pennsylvania.[44]

Andrew Hunlock cottage (1884 or before), Harvey's Lake, Pennsylvania.[44]

L. C. Paine cottage (1884 or before), Glen Summit, Pennsylvania.[44]

Jewish Synagogue (1884 or before), Washington Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[44]

Grace Chapel (1884 or before), Bear Creek, Pennsylvania.[44]

Chapel (1884 or before), Alden, Pennsylvania.[44]

Top Knot House (1884 or before), Bear Creek, Pennsylvania.[44]

Design for a Casino (1884), South Main Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[45]

Brick skating rink for Theodore F. Ryman, S. L. Brown, and E. T. Long (1884), corner Washington and Market Streets, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[46][58]

Two-story frame cottage for Hawkins family (1884), Glen Summit, Pennsylvania.[47][49][j]

Two-story brick toll house for Wilkes-Barre Bridge Company (1885), River Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[48]

Three-story "combination dwelling" for the Misses Alexander (1885), River Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[48]

Three-story brick dwelling for C. W. Bixby (1885), South Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[48]

Remodeling interior of Luzerne County Court House (1885), Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[48][52]

Three-story brick factory for Wilkes Barre Lace Company (1885), Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[50]

Three-story brick school house for Kingston (1885), Kingston, Pennsylvania.[51]

Frame school house for Borough of Wyoming (1885), Wyoming, Pennsylvania.[53]

1886-1890, Lincoln, Nebraska

Hawkins removed to Lincoln, Nebraska in 1886, where his father was an Episcopal minister. A report on Lincoln's rapid growth in 1886 noted Artemas Roberts, John J. Kouhn, and Hawkins "have been the principal architects" of that year and that Hawkins also designed "some of the most elegant residences ever erected in the city." By 1888, Hawkins was reported to have seven employees in his office. Lincoln was in a period of expansion and Hawkins' commissions included large commercial buildings, churches, schools and mansions.[61][72[j]

George Warren Smith Building (1880), 1213-15 Harney, Omaha, Nebraska.[7][8] (DO09:0123-026)

Two-story frame house for Charles Hammond (1886-1887), 17th & J Streets, Lincoln, Nebraska.[1][62][64][65][69][80][83][94][m][ab]

Receiving Vault (1886), Wyuka Cemetery, Lincoln, Nebraska.[3][71]

Montgomery & Billingsley Blocks (1886), SE corner of 11th & N Streets, Lincoln, Nebraska.[1][3][17][62][66][69]

Odell Dining Hall (c. 1886-1887), 1121-1123 N Street, Lincoln, Nebraska.[1]

J. J. Imhoff house (1886-1887), SE corner of 12th & J Streets, Lincoln, Nebraska.[1][5][62][67][69][73][94][ab] (cost $35,000)

Two-story frame house for John Zehrung house (1886), SW corner of 11th & D Streets, Lincoln, Nebraska.[1][62][68][69][73][94][ab] (cost $20,000)

J. D. McFarland house (1886-1887), NW corner of 14th & Q Streets, Lincoln, Nebraska.[1][3][5][16][17][62][69][73][83][94][ab] (cost $40,000)

Albert Watkins House (1886), 920 D St, Lincoln, Nebraska.[1][7][69][73] (LC13:C07-791)

First Baptist Church (1886-1887), NW corner of 14th & K Streets, Lincoln, Nebraska.[1][62][69][83]{94][ab]

Sanitarium (1886), Milford, Nebraska.[1][62][70]

William M. Leonard house (1886), E Street between 9th & 10th, Lincoln, Nebraska.[1][73]

E. R. Guthrie house (1886), 27th & N Streets, Lincoln, Nebraska.[1][73]

J. E. Reed, M.D., house (1886), F Street between 16th & 17th, Lincoln, Nebraska.[73

L. G. Baldwin house (1886), Lincoln, Nebraska.[1][73]

Project for National Lumber Company (1887), south side of O Street between 8th & 9th, Lincoln, Nebraska.[74][76][77][o][p]

A. J. Buckstaff building (1887), north side, 700 block of O Street, Lincoln, Nebraska.[76]

"Plans for a grandstand...on the Lincoln base ball grounds (1887), Lincoln, Nebraska.[75][r]

Thomas P. Kennard house (1887), SW corner of 17th & H Streets, Lincoln, Nebraska.[1][78][83][94][q][ab]

H. H. Dean house (1887), 8th & U Streets, Lincoln, Nebraska.[83][u]

Proposal for Nebraska Wesleyan University (1887), University Place, Nebraska.[79][s]

Fitzgerald Block (1887-1888), West Lincoln, Nebraska.[81][94][aa][ab]

John H. W. and Mary Hawkins House (1887-1889), NE corner of S 20th & Washington, Lincoln, Nebraska.[3][17][27][28][94][d][ab] (estimated cost $10,000)

Judge W. H. Morris house (1887-1888), 1039 Forest, Crete, Nebraska.[1][7] (SA01-006)

"Industrial college building" (a.k.a. "Old Nebraska Hall") (1887-1888), 11th & T, University of Nebraska City Campus, Lincoln, Nebraska.[1][4][86][87][90][94][ab] Demolished, 1961.

A. D. Burr house (1887), NE corner of 19th & D Streets, Lincoln, Nebraska.[1][62][80][83][84][94][v]

C. T. Brown house (1887), "on Pleasant Hill," Lincoln, Nebraska.[1][85

C. F. Imhoff house (1887), corner of 19th & D, Lincoln, Nebraska.[85][w]

H. C. Parker house (1887), Lincoln, Nebraska.[80]

C. F. Murray house (1887), Lincoln, Nebraska.[80]

Brick hotel & stores (1887), Fairmont, Nebraska.[1][88]

Two-story frame school house (1887), Omaha, Nebraska.[89]

Holy Trinity Episcopal Church (1887-1888), 1200 J St, Lincoln, Nebraska.[1][9][16][62][83][91][x] Demolished. (LC13:C08-320)

Second (Plymouth) Congregational Church (1887-1888), Lincoln, Nebraska.[1][62][92][94][ab]

Frame house for D. G. Courtnay (1887), 18th & L Streets, Lincoln, Nebraska.[1][62][93][94][y][ab] (Estimated cost $10,000)

Guy & Mary Brown house (by 1888), South 27th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska.

T. W. Harvey business house (by 1888), Lincoln, Nebraska.[62]

Proposal for Lancaster County Courthouse (1888), Lincoln, Nebraska.[96][ad]

Dean & Horton's Block (1888), Lincoln, Nebraska.[62]

Brownell Hall Chapel - Dietz United Methodist Church (1888), 1423 S 10th St, Omaha, Nebraska.[6]

St Matthias Episcopal Church (1888-1889), 1423 S 10th, Omaha, Nebraska.[3][7][8][16][17] (DO09:0115-003) National Register narrative

Palace Livery Stable (ca. 1889), 1121 M St, Lincoln, Nebraska.[1][2]

R. O. Phillips house (1889-1890), 1845 D St, Lincoln, Nebraska.[1][7][16][95][ac] (LC13:D07-0042)

George Smith house (1890), west side 12th between I & F Streets, Geneva, Nebraska. (FM05-031)

Smith & Fillebrown building (ca. 1890), Geneva, Nebraska.[1]

1890-1894, Omaha, Nebraska

Hawkins removed to Lincoln, Nebraska in 1886, and to Omaha around 1890.

Trinity Hall for Worthington Military Academy, (1891), Lincoln, Nebraska.[1][16][19]

Brown-Scott House (ca. 1891), 219-221 S 27th, Lincoln, Nebraska.[7] (LC13:D08-490)

Callahan Block - Mid-City Music (1892), 321 N 16th, Omaha, Nebraska.[8] (DO09:0125-005)

Design for Hotel Blakely (1892), Beatrice, Nebraska.[29][e]

Hotel (1892), Main and Shine, Deadwood, South Dakota.[30][f]

Saint Mathias Church (by 1892), Omaha, Nebraska.[1]

Episcopal Church (by 1892), Wymore, Nebraska.[1]

Guy C. Barton house (ca. 1892), 38th & Cuming, Omaha, Nebraska.[1][16]

Herman Kountze house (ca. 1892), South 10th, Omaha, Nebraska.[1][16]

W. R. Matthews House (ca. 1892), 802 Worthington St., Omaha, Nebraska (DO09:0064-002) (Attribution questioned in NeHBS)

1895-1902, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania

Due to the difficult financial situation of the times, Hawkins left Omaha ca. 1894 and returned to Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.

Max Roth Center (1895), 215 S Franklin, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[12]

Hotel Sterling (1897), 47-65 West Market, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[12]

1902-1922, Jacksonville, Florida

In 1902, following a major fire that destroyed much of Jacksonville, Florida, Hawkins moved to Jacksonville and opened an office there, where he finished his career.

Snyder Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church (1902-1903), 226 North Laura St, Jacksonville, Florida.[15]

Undated

Building for C. H. Meeker (before 1892), McCook, Nebraska.[1]

First National Bank (n.d.), Broken Bow, Nebraska.[1]

M. Berdolt & Son building (n.d.), Seward, Nebraska.[1]

Bonacum Institute (Catholic School) (n.d.), M Street near 13th, Lincoln, Nebraska.[1]

Blakeman Public School (n.d.), Blakeman, Nebraska.[1]

Fairmont Public School (n.d.), Fairmont, Nebraska.[1]

Ohiowa Public School (n.d.), Ohiowa, Nebraska.[1]

John Zehrung Building (n.d.), Lincoln, Nebraska.[1]

R. C. Outcault (later F. M. & Anna Hall) house (n.d.), NW corner 11th & D Streets, Lincoln, Nebraska.[1]

H. C. McArthur house (n.d.), Lincoln, Nebraska.[1]

W. G. Maitland house (n.d.), Lincoln, Nebraska.[1]

Joseph Swan house (n.d.), Lincoln, Nebraska.[1]

George Brown house (n.d.), Lincoln, Nebraska.[1]

D. W. Brown house (n.d.), Lincoln, Nebraska.[1]

F. C. Johnson house (n.d.), Milford, Nebraska.[1]

Judge Morris house (n.d.), Crete, Nebraska.[1]

George W. Smith house (n.d.), Geneva, Nebraska.[1]

George Hocknell house (n.d.), McCook, Nebraska.[1]

W. M. Rogers house (n.d.), Omaha, Nebraska.[1]

B. F. Smith house (n.d.), Omaha, Nebraska.[1]

Country Residence (n.d.), Omaha, Nebraska.[17]

Notes

a. Rev. William George Hawkins, the father of the architect, published a biography of his father John H. W. Hawkins (1798-1858), focusing on his struggles with alcohol and his conversion to become a temperance crusader.[20][21]

b. In March 1886, a newspaper in Lincoln, Nebraska noted that "J. H. W. Hawkins, an architect of Wilkesbarre, Pa., and son of Rev. W. G. Hawkins of this city, has decided to locate in Lincoln, and will probably be ready for business by April 1st." Another paper announced his office location in Richards' block and noted "Mr. Hawkins is a graduate of Cornell university, New York, and a quiet unassuming gentleman who desires the evidence of his work to be his best recommendation." In early April Nebraska State Journal reported that "J. H. W. Hawkins, architect, opened the doors to his apartments in Richards' block to the public today. Jos rooms are elegant, and display of work, drawings and plans are excellent specimens from an artist, and non but a professional could compare with the showing by Mr. H. There were a large number of visitors today and each full of praise from what they had witnessed."[25][26][63]

c. In 1890 Hawkins was included in both the Lincoln and Omaha city directories, with office addresses listed in both but a residential address (1431 S. 20th) only in Lincoln--at the large house he had designed and built just a few years before. He continued to be listed in both directories in 1891, with his residential address still listed in Lincoln (without an office address, and without mention among "Architects" in the business section of the Lincoln directory). In the Omaha volume for 1891, for Hawkins only an office address and no residence is mentioned. It appears that his transition between the cities was gradual, and that he probably maintained his Lincoln residence until 1891 or so.

By 1892, Hawkins is not listed in Lincoln, while the Omaha directories for 1892 and 1893 list both office and residential addresses for him, suggesting strongly that his relocation to Omaha was by then complete. 1894 was the last year Hawkins appeared in a Nebraska directory--in Omaha.

d. The Hawkins' own house in Lincoln was under construction by mid-1887 and the 1888 city directory indicates they were already in residence, although mechanics' liens also suggest work on the house continued into 1889. Those seven mechanics' liens filed against the property suggest the Hawkins were stressed financially by the project, at least until they sold the property for $26,000 in value September 29, 1891, discharging the final three liens on that same day. The date of the sale aligns well with the fact Lincoln city directories continued to list the family at that address through 1891, although Hawkins had an architectural office in Omaha by 1890.[27][28]

e. The (Omaha) World-Herald of July 21, 1892 reports: "The perspective of J. H. W. Hawkins of Omaha for the Hotel Blakeley at Beatrice, Neb., has just been accepted by a syndicate of capitalists headed by Mr. Blakely of that city. The cost will be $65,000."[29]

f. The Sunday (Omaha) World-Herald of August 14, 1892 reports that after a failed project build a hotel in Deadwood, a new stock company of investors formed and "Mr. J. H. W. Hawkins, an architect of Omaha, was invited to prepare drawings, and on the formation of the company was instructed to go ahead with the work." The article goes on to describe a five-story sandstone building with frontages of 140 and 100 feet, to be completed by June 1, 1893.[30]

g. Hawkins proposed a ten room school house to the board of the Third School District of Wilkes-Barre in October 1880, with mention that "the two [rooms] on the third floor would be suitable for the High School." The plans were accepted in November, with a lengthy description in the local newspaper including that "The style is that of Queen Anne." A board committee was appointed in December 1880 to examine Hawkins' plans and specifications "with a view to recommending to the Board such alterations as shall cheapen the cost of constructing the building." That same month, revised plans were submitted by Hawkins and adopted in place of the previous plans. Later that month bids were sought from contractors and one was chosen by January 1881, when a bill from Hawkins for $230 was approved. Newspaper reports make it clear that Hawkins remained involved throughout construction, and was paid another $250 later in 1881. Dedication of the "new and commodious high school building on Washington Street" was reported in December 1881.[33][44]

A dispute over Hawkins' bill and his performance relative to his contract came before the school board in February 1882. A vignette illustrating the Wilkes-Barre High School is included in a panoramic view of the city published in 1889. See Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Boston: Fowler, Downs & Moyer, 1881, accessed December 8, 2017 at Library of Congress, "American Memory," http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3824w.pm008720

h. Ella Turner's house was described as "Three-story brick and stone dwelling house on South street, size, 40x60 feet. A handsome building with French roof, all modern improvements, steam heated, etc. J. H. Hawkins, architect, W. H. Shepard, builder."[38] Hawkins designed a smaller house for Mrs. Turner on South Franklin Street and was further credited with the design of a "Fancy brick stable in the rear of the residence on South Franklin street" for Mrs. Turner, "size 34x42."[39][41]

i. A lengthy and effusive description of the remodeled store mentions that "Mr. J. H. W. Hawkins was the architect for the alterations of the building" and that the third story will be occupied by "Mr. Hawkins, the architect."[40]

j. In 1884, Hawkins bought a lot in Wright township from the "Glen Summit Hotel and Land Co. (for $100), for which he designed and had E. T. Long build a "Two-story frame cottage at Glen Summit, 24x30. Cost $1,500." for his own family. Mention was made in the Wilkes-Barre press in June 1886 that "Mrs. J. H. W. Hawkins is preparing to join her husband, who has located in Lincoln, Neb. Architect Hawkins has sold his picturesque cottage at Glen Summit to Richard Sharpe."[47][49]

Hawkins' departure from Wilkes-Barre for Lincoln, Nebraska was first noted in November 1885 as a visit to spend Thanksgiving with his father in Lincoln, adding "He is not expected to return until next week." He was noted at various events in Wilkes-Barre in early 1886 but in April the Wilkes-Barre Record reported "Architect Hawkins, who is in Lincoln, Neb., has sent for his family, and it is said the will reside there in the future." in May 1886 a brief note indicated "Grant Behee, student under Architect H. W. Hawkins, goes to Lincoln, Neb., to continue his work on Sunday night, Mr. Hawkins having taken up his residence in that city."two years later a Wilkes-Barre newspaper added "Mr. Grant C. Bebee, who has been with Architect Hawkins at Lincoln, Nebraska, during the past two years, arrived at his home in this city late yesterday afternoon. He likes the west, but has come home to stay. He reports Mr. Hawkins is doing well and has seven men employed in his office."[54][59][60][61]

k. Soon after Hawkins arrived in Wilkes-Barre, the Record of the Times reported "Mr. J. H. W. Hawkins, architect, who has recently opened an office, is a young man honorably known to and widely respected by the members of his profession. He is desirous of receiving into his office one or two young gentlemen, to instruct them with special reference to the elementary principles of architecture, embracing mathmatics [sic], drawing and design."[55]

l. In March 1878, Record of the Times noted "Mr. J. H. W. Hawkins, architect of this city, has just completed plans and drawings for a large hotel to be erected by Mr. P. McPike, of Kingston. It will occupy the site of the hotel burned in the late fire. It will be an extensive, well appointed structure, three stories high; will be built of brick, have a French roof and all the modern improvements, and will reflect credit upon the proprietor and the architect who designed it. In the third story will be a large hall suitable for public entertainments or for Lodge purposes."[56]

m. The Lincoln Evening News noted on May 26, 1886 "The attention of our builders is called to the advertisement for bids, in this issue, for the erection of a dwelling for Charles Hammond, Esq. The designs and drawings are from the hands of our new skillful architect, Mr. Hawkins, and indicate the work to be something entirely new to this locality. It will be a decided ornament to the residence portion of our city and offers a fine opportunity for some good mechanic to make his mark." In 1887, the estimated cost of Hammond's house was reportedly $12,000. A report of January 1, 1888 raised that figure to $30,000.[65][83][94]

n. A highly laudatory article in the Nebraska State Journal of September 15, 1886 extols Hawkins' early work in Lincoln, claiming "Mr. Hawkins is certainly an architect of a high order of ability, the result in part of life long training and study. Graduating in a course of architecture in Cornell university, he studied for several years with the best architects in New York and Boston, notably Peabody & Stearns of the latter city, and afterwards resided in Wilkesbarre, Pa., where he planned and constructed many of the finest public and private buildings in the city. He left a food business there to come west, having unbounded faith in the great west. He has three fine offices in the Richards block in this city and has all the work he and a number of experienced assistants can do." (Zimmer: If Hawkins had any contact with New York or Boston architects, it could hardly have been of "several years" duration after graduating from Cornell in 1877, as he was practicing in Wilkes-Barre by 1878.)[69]

o. In an article forecasting construction activity in the upcoming year of 1887, Nebraska State Journal mentioned "National Lumber Company will put up a building of...four full stories with an attic, making virtually five stories and a high basement. Architect Hawkins is now drawing the plans and enough has been developed to show that the front will be exceedingly handsome."[74]

p. For a long article in the Nebraska State Journal of February 20, 1887, the writer interviewed architects, investors, and real estate dealers as to whether the current building boom in Lincoln "was simply a temporary traditional western boom or a substantial upbuilding of the best interests of the city." The architects quoted were Artemas Roberts, James Tyler, and J. H. W. Hawkins. At Hawkins' office, "Four men were here found busy preparing plans." Hawkins indicated he could not yet divulge several of his projects, but he did cite A. J. Buckstaff's four story business block (in the 700 block of O Street) and National Lumber Company (in the 800 block of O Street), along with First Baptist Church, and residences for J. J. Imhoff and J. D. McFarland.[76]

q. Nebraska State Journal of February 26, 1887 notes: "Architect Hawkins is preparing the plans for a very neat and comfortable residence tto be built by Hon. T. P. Kennard on the corner of J and Seventeenth streets. Mr. Kennard's old house, one of the lannmarks [sic] of the southeastern part of the city, has been sold to a party whose name is not mentioned." On April 14, 1887, the same paper reported the estimated cost of Kennard's house as $9,000. A report of January 1, 1888 estimated the cost of construction as $8,000)[7883][94]]]

r. A report of February 6, 1887 in Nebraska State Journal notes "Architect Hawkins has completed his plans for the grand stand and 'roaster,' as the uncovered portion of the amphitheater is dubbed by the small boy. The structure will be exceedingly ornamental as well as comfortable." [75]

s. Hawkins was among four architects mentioned as presenting plans to the trustees of "the Wesleyan university" in February 1887. "The competing architects were Hawkins of Lincoln, Ellis of Omaha, Eckler & Mann of St. Joseph and Fuehrmann of Grand Island. It was deemed best on account of the importance of the undertaking to invite still further competition and the time for selecting the plans was postponed for one month." [79]

t. A column of West Lincoln items in the March 5, 1887 edition of Lincoln Daily News mentioned: "Architect Hawkins has in hand the plans of a three story brick and stone block of two stores and a bank on the first floor with office rooms, hall for lectures, meetings, religious exercises, etc., above. A change may be made and third story added...it will add to the value of this new industrial center..." John Fitzgerald led the development of West Lincoln and his efforts included a two story Fitzgerald Block of 1887, probably that designed by Hawkins. Illustrated in Lincoln's Early Architecture (Hansen, McKee, and Zimmer), p. 49.[81]

u. The estimated cost of Dean's house was "over $15,000."[83]

v. On May 3 1887, the Nebraska State Journal carried a classified advertisement offering a $2 reward for "SPECIFICATIONS FOR A.D.Burr's house. Return to J. H. W. Hawkins' office, Richards' block." A description of the plans in June 1887 noted" "Architect Hawkins has the plans almost complete for a new residence for Mr. A. D. Burr, that will be one of the finest in the city. It is located corner D and 19th, and will be 53x37 on the ground, two stories with both garret and basement. The plans provide for something entirely novel used in a tasty and novel manner. Work is already progressing on the foundation." A report of January 1, 1888 estimated the cost of the house at $15,000.[84][94]

w. Designs for C. F. Imhoff's house were described in 1887 as "modeled after teh plans now so popular in the east. It is a two story cottage, the front and tower to be of greenstone from the quarries in Penn. The house will be 31x40 on the ground and finely finished in the interior with natural woods and all conveniences."[85]

x. In October 1887, Nebraska State Journal reported that the Holy Trinity vestry decided "to order the work on the foundation to begin immediately" according to Hawkins' plans. "The new church will be a beautiful structure, built of stone, with an open vaulted roof. The style will be Gothic. The dimensions are 106 by 70 feet, and the estimated cost is $35,000."[91]

y. Nebraska State Journal noted in October 1887 that the contract had been let for beginning construction of "Second Congregational" at 17th & A. "The plans in the office of Architect Hawkins show that this church will be exceedingly tasty and convenient. It will be built of wood. The dimensions are to be 88 by feet, with walls 16 feet high, and a tower 70 feet in height. The seating capacity will be about 600...when the building is completed it will be the finest suburban church in Lincoln. The cost will be at least $10,000."[92]

z. Nebraska State Journal of November 27, 1887 mentioned "an alarm came from L and Eighteenth streets, where the new residence of D. G. Courtnay was on fire. The fire was from a defective flue, and was communicated to the tar paper between the weatherboarding. To get at the flames the siding had to be torn off. The total loss to Mr. Courtnay will be about $150." The next day, the same newspaper declared "Architect Hawkins informs The Journal that the fire at D. G. Courtnay's new house on Saturday night was not caused by a defective flue, but by a big wood fire which was built in an unfinished grate." A report of January 1, 1888 put the cost of the house at $10,000.[93][94]

aa. A "West Lincoln" column in Nebraska State Journal of May 2, 1888 reported "The finishing touches are just being added to the Fitzgerald block, and it will soon be ready for occupancy. It is a handsome brick block, which would do credit to O street. It is hinted that a bank and the post-office will likely go into this building." A fine contemporary photograph of this building was published in 1889 in Lincoln Picturesque and Descriptive, which is reprinted in Lincoln's Early Architecture.[81]

ab. Nebraska State Journal of January 1, 1888 published a very extensive listing of buildings erected in Lincoln the years before, many with individual descriptions. Only a few architects are mentioned, but the contemporary descriptions are of value and this source is cited in association with as many of the buildings as can be securely attributed from other sources.[94]

ac. Nebraska State Journal mentioned on January 24, 1888 that "Architect J. H. W. Hawkins has returned from Colorado, where he made an examination of a number of stone quarries. His object was to locate a source of supply from which to draw the material for a number of fine buildings to be erected here next season, and he reports finding exactly the thing looked for. A finer residence than the city can now boast will be built of this stone during the summer, and Mr. Hawkins will also use it in the construction of one or two important buildings in Omaha." That residence in Lincoln was seemingly the Rollo Philips house, which was announced in the same paper on January 31, 1888 with a note that "Capt. R. O. Phillips has purchased four and one half beautiful lots on the southwest corner of Nineteenth and D streets. Mr. Phillips will at once proceed to erect the finest residence in Lincoln. It will be of stone, after plans drawn by Architect Hawkins."[95]

ad. After abandoning a proposal from E. E. Myers of Detroit on the basis of cost, Lancaster County Commissioners resumed their process of seeking a courthouse design. In February 1888, Hawkins was among the thirteen architects who were "on the ground and there will be a sharp contest to secure the contract," according to Nebraska State Journal. Nebraska-based architects included Hawkins, Mendelssohn, Fisher & Lawrie, Hodges & Son, and Ellis of Omaha; and Placey, James Tyler, and Gray of Lincoln.[96]

References

1. Pen & Sunlight Sketches of Omaha and Environs. (Chicago: Phoenix Publishing Company, 1892), 87. 978.238 P37 On-line at https://archive.org/details/penandsunlights00compgoog accessed December 12, 2017.

2. Pen & Sunlight Sketches of Lincoln: Its Growth, Resources, Commerce, Manufactures. (Chicago: Phoenix Publishing Company, [1893?]) 978.265 P37

3. Minutes of the Board of Trustees, Wyuka Cemetery, Lincoln, Nebraska, October 2, 1886; copy in Nebraska State Historical Society, historic preservation division, architects file.

4. Kay Logan-Peters, “Nebraska Hall (Old),” An Architectural Tour of Historic UNL (University of Nebraska-Lincoln, UNL Libraries, 2005). Accessed January 15, 2015. http://historicbuildings.unl.edu/building.php?b=8

5. “Architects in Nebraska to be Covered in Our Survey,” WPA Writers Project, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections, RG515, subject 611.

6. Landmarks, Inc. An Inventory of Historic Omaha Buildings (Omaha: City of Omaha and Landmarks Heritage Preservation Commission, 1980), 44.

7. Listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

8. City of Omaha Planning Department, Landmarks Heritage Preservation Commission, Database, Query on Architects, May 20, 2002; courtesy of Lynn Meyer, Preservation Planner.

9. Historic American Buildings Survey, HABS NE-35-6. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, accessed April 9, 2013, http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/ne0028/

10. [Obituary], Pittston (Pennsylvania) Gazette (March 9, 1923): 12. Accessed May 7, 2016. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1403667/obituary_for_j_h_w_hawkins/

11. “J. H. W. Hawkins, Architect,” (Adv) The Wilkes-Barre Record (September 11, 1884): 2. (This is a list of buildings by Hawkins in and around Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.) Accessed May 7, 2016. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1403397/buildings_in_and_around_wilkesbarre_by/

12. “Walk Wilkes-Barre, Celebrating Wilkes-Barre’s Bicentennial: 1806-2006. A Self-guided tour of the historic center of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.” [ca. 2006]. Accessed May 7, 2016. http://wbdcp.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Walk-WB-2007-website.pdf

13. “Signed Note 1902 J.H.W. Hawkins Letterhead Architect Jacksonville Florida RARE.” WorthPoint Website. (Hawkins is described as newly-arrived from New York.) Accessed May 7, 2016. http://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/signed-note-1902-h-hawkins-letterhead-536732601

14. “A Century of Fellowship – AIA Florida History,” AIA Florida, 2016. (Hawkins was in attendance at the state convention to establish the Florida Association of Architects, held in Jacksonville, December 14, 1912.) Accessed May 7, 2016. http://www.aiafla.org/About-the-AIA_History.cfm

15. “Snyder Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church – Jacksonville, FL,” Wikipedia Entries on Waymarking.com. Accessed May 7, 2016. http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMJJ7E_Snyder_Memorial_Methodist_Episcopal_Church_Jacksonville_FL

16. Historical and Descriptive Review of Omaha (Omaha: John Letham, [1892?]): 108.

17. Examples of Architecture by J. H. W. Hawkins, Architect. Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania [brochure, n. d.]. Photo copies of pages with Nebraska buildings courtesy of Michael J. Lewis, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 16, 1988; original at Wyoming Historical and Geological Society [New York].

18. Mrs. (H. V. S) E. H. Smith to Mr. K.K. Hoyt. Paonia, Colorado. December 26, 1923. From photocopy of a letter provided by Wyoming Historical and Genealogical Society.

19. "Square, Level and Plumb. The Corner Stone of Trinity Hall. Another Educational Institution will Soon Crown a Suburban Height," Weekly (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal (June 12, 1891), 8.

20. Life of John H. W. Hawkins, Compiled by his son, Rev. William George Hawkins, A.M., Boston: Briggs & Richards, 1862. Accessed December 6, 2017 on-line at https://archive.org/details/LifeOfJohnHHawkins

21. Ancestry.com 1870 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. 2009. Images reproduced by FamilySearch. SV for father--William George Hocking.

22. Record of the Times (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) (April 20, 1881), 4.

23. Advertisement for J. H. W. Hawkins, Architect, in Record of the Times (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) (January 24, 1878), 4.

24. "Obituary: John H. W. Hawkins '77," Cornell Alumni News(March 15, 1923), 297. Accessed on-line December 6, 2017 at http://hdl.handle.net/1813/26676

25. (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal (March 13, 1886), 8.

26. "J. H. W. Hawkins, an architect from Wilkes-Barre, Pa., has arrived in the city..." Lincoln (Nebraska) Evening Call (March 26, 1886), 4.

27. Lancaster County (Nebraska) Register of Deeds: purchase of Lots 7-9, Block 4, Pleasant Hill Sub. (Deed 39:116, June 2, 1887, $2700); Mechanics Liens C:616 (carpentry work between July 1887-Feb. 1888, with full transcript of contract), D:25, D:45, E:3, E:320 (ironwork between Jun 1887-July 1889), E:348; sale of property (Deed 63:348, September 29, 1891, for $18,000 cash plus assuming $8,000 mortgage).

28. Examples of Architecture by J. H. W. Hawkins, Architect, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. n.d; photocopy at Lincoln/Lancaster Planning Dept., courtesy of Wyoming Historical and Geological Society (Wilkes-Barre, PA).

29. "Real Estate Notes. Activity in Building--Some of the Late Permits," Evening World-Herald (Omaha, Nebraska) (July 21, 1892), 2.

30. "Deadwoods Hotel. After Trouble and Travail It Is Now Sure of Completion," Sunday World-Herald (Omaha, Nebraska) (August 14, 1892), 6.

31. (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) Record of the Times (June 7, 1878), 4; Union Leader (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) (July 11, 1878), 3.

32. The Luzerne Union (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) (July 17, 1878), 3.

33. (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) Record of the Times (Oct. 7, 1880), 4; (November 17, 1880), 4; Union Leader (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) (December 8, 1880), 4; Daily Union Leader (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) (December 22, 1880), 4; (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) Record of the Times (December 23, 1880), 2; (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) Record of the Times (January 18, 1881), 4; Union Leader (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) (March 22, 1881), 4; Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania) Record (December 22, 1881), 4; Daily Union-Leader (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) (February 7, 1882), 4.

34. Daily Union-Leader (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) (January 6, 1882).

35. "Building Operations," Daily Union-Leader (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) (January 28, 1882), 4.

36. "Notice to Building Contractors," Daily Union-Leader (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) (August 2, 1882), 4.

37. "New Presbyterian Chapel," Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania) Record (September 23, 1882), 4.

38. "Bricks and Mortar. Their Work in this City. A Full and Complete List of all the Buildings Finished in 1882, or now in Course of Erection--March of Progress--An Enormous Total," Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania) Record (January 2, 1883), 1.

39. "Work of the Builders. Other Residences, Stores, etc. Erected During 1882--A Vast Outlay," Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania) Record (January 4, 1883), 4.

40. "A Beautiful Store. Mr. S. L. Brown's Dainty Little Place on the South Side of Public Square," Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania) Record (March 22, 1883), 4.

41. "Growing Wilkes-Barre. New Residences and Business Places of the Past year. A Very Remarkable Showing," (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) Sunday News (April 2, 1883), 5.

42. "Builders' Work. The list of 1883's work continued--More Still to Come," Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania)Record (January 2, 1884), 4.

43. Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania) Telephone (December 1, 1883), 3; "Council Meeting," Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania) Record (December 5, 1883), 4; "Local Affairs. Brief Mention," Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania) Record (January 3, 1884), 1.

44. Advertisement for "J. H. W. Hawkins, Architect, Office 7 North Main street, Union Leader Building, and Superintendent of...[list of 33 projects]", Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania) Record (July 31, 1884), 3.

45. "A drawing of the new Casino to be erected on South Main street, from the pen of Architect Hawkins, is on exhibition in the window of Voorhis & Murray," Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania) Record (September 18, 1884), 1.

46. "Busy Builders. What Has Been Accomplished with Hammer and Trowel in this Vicinity During the Past Year," Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania) Record (January 5, 1885), 4.

47. "Work of Builders. What Has Been Done by Bricklayers and Carpenters During the Past Year," Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania) Record (January 8, 1885), 1.

48. "A Year's Improvements. The Work of the Builders in Wilkes-Barre During 1885. A Good Year but Few Large Works Commenced," Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania) Record (January 1, 1886), 1.

49. "Deeds filed in the Recorder's Office for Record," Record of the Times (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) (February 27, 1885), 3; "Saturday's Social Column...An Interesting Budget of Items About Persons Well-Known Here," Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania) Record (June 12, 1886), 1;

50. Advertisement for "Sealed Proposals," Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania) News (March 13, 1885), 4; (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) Evening Leader (March 13, 1885), 4.

51. "Kingston Notes. Crisp Curtailments from Wilkes-Barre's Brooklyn," Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania) Times Leader, the Evening News (March 30, 1885), 4; "School Building," (invitation for proposals), (June 2, 1885), 4.

52. "Notice to Contractors...for certain alterations to the Court House," The Evening Leader (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) (June 10, 1885), 4.

53. "Proposals for Erection of school house," The Evening Leader (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) (July 28, 1885), 4.

54. "Personal Intelligence," The Evening Leader (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) (May 6, 1886), 4.

55. "A Good Chance," Record of the Times (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania (February 18, 1878), 4.

56. "A Fine House," Record of the Times (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania (March 27, 1878), 4.

57. "St. Stephen's. Probably a New Church Edifice," Daily Union-Leader (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) (December 6, 1881), 1.

58. "Opening at the Rink," Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania) Record (August 12, 1884), 4.

59. Sunday Leader (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) (November 29, 1885), 13.

60. Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania) Record (April 16, 1886), 4.

61. Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania) Times Leader, the Evening News (June 22, 1888), 4.

62. "Lincoln in 1888. From Prairie Village to a City of 45,000 Inhabitants. Unparalleled Record," three-page feature including illustrations of six Hawkins-designed buildings and article "J. H. W. Hawkins. A Lincoln Architect Whose State and Local Achievements Speak for Themselves," Omaha (Nebraska) Daily World (March 17, 1888), 6-8.

63. Daily Evening News (Lincoln, Nebraska) (April 5, 1886), 4.

64. "Notice to Contracting Builders," Lincoln (Nebraska) Evening Call (May 25, 1886), 1 (call for proposals) and 4 (brief article).

65. "Notice to Contracting Builders," (Lincoln Nebraska) Daily Evening News (May 26, 1886), 4 (call for proposals and brief article).

66. "Notice to Contractors," Daily State Journal (Lincoln, Nebraska) (May 29, 1886), 8 (for brick block for C. E. Montgomery); (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal (September 12, 1886), 4 (Capt. L. W. Billingsley's three story block).

67. "House and Barn for Sale" (by Hawkins), Daily State Journal (Lincoln, Nebraska) (June 11, 1886), 8 (to be removed from SE corner of 12th & J Streets); "Notice to Contractors," Lincoln (Nebraska) Evening News (July 17, 1886), 4 (for erection of J. J. Imhoff house).

68. "Notice to Stone Masons," Lincoln (Nebraska) Evening Call (June 30, 1886), 4; "Notice to Contractors," Lincoln (Nebraska) Daily News (July 22, 1886), 1.

69. "Lincoln's Fine Residences. And the Still Finer Ones Soon to be Built" (all designed by J. H. W. Hawkins), (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal), September 15, 1886), 8.

70. "Notice to Stone Masons," (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal (October 7, 1886), 8.

71. "For the Dead. A Beautiful Receiving Tomb Under Construction at Wyuka," (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal (October 27, 1886), 8.

72. "A Year of Prosperity. Lincoln's Growth in Population, Buildings, Railroads, Real Estate Transfers, Schools. Churches, Banks, Business Blocks, Dwellings, Street Railways, etc., etc.," Lincoln (Nebraska) Daily News (December 31, 1886), 1.

73. "J. H. W. Hawkins, Architect & Superintendent. Buildings completed or in course of erection from April 1, 1886..." (listing 14 projects), (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal (January 6, 1887), 8.

74. "Brick and Mortar. Some Buildings that will Adorn the City of Lincoln. Before the Close of the Year 1887--Prospects for a Year of Unparalleled Activity Among Contractors and Builders--The Boom for the Coming Year Already Begun," (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal (January 23, 1887), 4.

75. "Base Ball Notes," (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal (January 27, 1887), 2; (February 6, 1887), 1.

76. "The Boom. It Strikes the Town. Past, Present and Future of Lincoln Realty. Some Facts Regarding the Activity in Lincoln Dirt. Opinions of Prominent Capitalists and Business Men that It has Come to Stay...Proposed Building Operations," (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal (February 20, 1887), 4.

77. Lincoln (Nebraska) News (February 4, 1887), 4.

78. (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal (February 26, 1887), 8.

79. "All in Harmony. The Wesleyan University Troubles Settled Amicably--the Meeting of the Trustees Yesterday," (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal (February 24, 1887), 8.

80. "Mere Mention," (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal (March 22, 1887), 3.

81. "West Lincoln," Lincoln (Nebraska) Daily News (March 5, 1887), 2; "West Lincoln," (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal (May 2, 1889), 7; illustrated (photo) in Lincoln Picturesque and Descriptive (George B. Pratt: Neenah, Wisconsin, 1889); reprinted in Matthew Hansen, J. L. McKee, E. F. Zimmer, Lincoln's Early Architecture (Arcadia Publishing: Charleston, South Carolina, 2014), 49.

82. "Another New Church," Lincoln (Nebraska) Daily News (April 12, 1887), 4.

83. "Improvements. Brief Mention of a Few of the Many," Lincoln (Nebraska) Daily News (April 14, 1887), 4.

84. Lincoln (Nebraska) News (June 6, 1887), 4.

85. Lincoln (Nebraska) News (June 27, 1887), 4.

86. "A New Building" (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal (July 15, 1887), 8.

87. Kay Logan-Peters, "UNL Historic Buildings: City Campus, Nebraska Hall (Old)," on-line at http://historicbuildings.unl.edu/building.php?b=8 Accessed December 17, 2017.

88. "Notice to Contractors," (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal (August 9, 1887), 8.

89. "Notice to Contractors," (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal (September 12, 1887), 7.

90. "Notice to Contractors," (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal (September 17, 1887), 1.

91. "A New Temple. Work to Begin on a New Building for the Church of the Holy Trinity Immediately," (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal (October 11, 1887), 5.

92. "The Second Congregational Church," (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal (October 12, 1887), 8.

93. "Two Small Fires. A Stable Destroyed--The Fine New Residence of D. G. Courtnay Saved by the Department," (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal {November 27, 1887), 7; (November 28, 1887), 7.

94. "$3,000,000 Permanent Improvements in Lincoln for 1887. The Building Record for the Past Year. Homes for 10,000 People Built in a Twelvemonth. A Faithful Pen Picture of Our Progress. Three-Quarters of a Mile of Brick and Stone Business Frontage. A Round Million Dollars Spent in Residences and Nearly as Much in Business Blocks," (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal (January 1, 1888), Sec. 2:1-2. (See Note[ab.)

95. "Journal Jottings," (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal (January 24, 1888), 8; same paper, (January 31, 1888), 7.

96. "After a Courthouse. The County Commissioners Commence the Work of Examining Plans--A Large Number of Architects in the Competition," (Lincoln) Nebraska State Journal (February 22, 1888), 2.

Page Citation

D. Murphy & E. Zimmer, “John Henry Willis Hawkins (1855-1923), Architect,” in David Murphy, Edward F. Zimmer, and Lynn Meyer, comps. Place Makers of Nebraska: The Architects. Lincoln: Nebraska State Historical Society, December 26, 2017. http://www.e-nebraskahistory.org/index.php?title=Place_Makers_of_Nebraska:_The_Architects Accessed, November 10, 2024.

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