Difference between revisions of "Format and contents of Nebraska architect entries"

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This page is a technical supplement to the publication, Place Makers of Nebraska: The Architects.

A page is provided for each architect and architectural firm identified by the research for Place Makers of Nebraska: The Architects. The names were initially compiled from those identified as architects or architectural firms in available Nebraska state or city directories from 1854-1976, then expanded using a variety of sources, as cited with the entries.[1][2] After 1937, Nebraska architects could identify themselves as such only if they were legally registered, and pages are provided for those practicing here or known to have produced a building or project in Nebraska. The State Board of Examiners rosters were used in conjunction with city directories in expanding and refining the listings from 1937-2000.[3]

The format for each page varies according to the available information, but may include any or all of that described below:

Title

The name of the practitioner or firm is given as the title to the page. For individuals, this includes the full name with birth and death years (in parentheses), as available. Known places of practice are then listed, along with any relevant “doing business as” (DBA) or “also known as” (AKA) names or titles. These names may also appear as pages, as required.

Introduction

A brief biographical or professional introduction to the individual or firm appears below the identification information. Some introductions will be more extensive, depending upon the state of current research. Citations or links to other major works on the individual or firm will be provided here, including those to other pages that are also posted to this wiki.

Compiled Nebraska Directory Listings

This section, if present, provides basic data for the years a practitioner was listed as an architect in city or state directories[1][2], or in advertisements or other published sources. Specific directories are not cited; the reader may review a list of those consulted in the Notes to this page section below. In most cases data from the directories will be found in the section, Educational & Professional Associations, below, appearing either as entries there or in an explanatory note.

Educational & Professional Associations

This section provides a summary time-line for the practitioner’s educational and professional career, revealing a kind of genealogy of influences, experience, and collaboration. Dates are based upon those given in the sources. In some cases this means conflicting information is posted. Efforts to resolve conflicting accounts will be ongoing; we look to future research and/or contributions from the public to delineate the most accurate account possible.

Other Associations

This section lists other significant associations, including the dates and nature of each. Such may include teacher-student relationships, work with collaborators, and employer-employee relationships. Entries to this section are in a preliminary stage of development.

Architectural Study Travel

This section is included as available. Such may provide insight into the regions or specific buildings that have informed or influenced the practitioner’s work.

Buildings & Projects

Here are found citations to the actual buildings and places the practitioner contributed to the landscape. While intended to be specific to the person or the firm responsible for the building---that is, to correctly credit or attribute the creative and technical authorship---in the majority of cases individuals worked for firms, and firms relied on individuals to accomplish the work of the firm. Creative or technical attributions, therefore, are complex, and as best can be determined, buildings will be listed with each known contributor as well as with the firm. Notes are used to clarify the individual roles as revealed by source or as suggested by other research. The reader, then, should consult the various firm pages associated with an individual to gain a more complete picture of the individual career.

The identification of individual contributions will ultimately, it is hoped, allow the reader to discern the web of collaboration required to produce buildings, and which has become especially complex in the modern era. Attributions are initially entered here as indicated by the sources. Further work in resolving potential conflicting claims to authorship, or in clarifying roles where multiple claims have been made, will involve an ongoing effort. The best attributions will be based on primary research, building by building. Some, therefore, have been made based upon the compiler's cumulative research. Links to other research that may be devoted to these issues will appear prominently in this section.

Format of the building listings

The building listing will include the following, excluding any data that is not available:

• Building or project name (usually given as the historic name-—the name at the time of design and construction-—as best can be determined);
• Building dates, in parentheses, given as derived from the sources, but ideally to be inclusive of the inception of planning through occupancy or dedication, followed by a demolition date or a notation regarding its status, if known;
• Address or vicinity, if known;
• Town or vicinity of the building;
• State;
• Cited references for the attribution are given in numerical form, in brackets;
• Notes of clarification may be given in lower case alpha form, in brackets;
• The historic preservation site file number, if available, is given in parentheses (note that such file may be cited as source, without citing the primary research filed therein).

As the work proceeds, the sum of bracketed and parenthetical sources will provide a bibliography concerning the architectural aspects of the listed building.

Links from the building list

Some building listings will be linked to further information; as the work proceeds, more of these will be available. Links typically lead the reader to one or more additional sources:

• Links encompassing the building name go to an image, complete with descriptive caption and full source documentation;
• Links encompassing the full name and location of the building typically go to a building page, with narrative description and history, additional images, bibliography, and links to more information;
• A link at the end of the listing, designated NRHP form and photos, goes to an (off-site) pdf file of the National Register of Historic Places narrative description and history. The reader should be aware that new research may post-date the National Register research, so care should be taken in reading those documents and citing their conclusions. Generally, the data posted in this publication will be the most up-to-date available.
• In the future, a link off the historic preservation site number will go to an (off-site) site data page; this, or another link, will also provide access to a map showing the location of unrestricted properties.

Publications & Exhibitions

This section appears where relevant. Entries here include citations to the published or manuscript works of an architect, or to contemporary publications that feature the architect’s work. Works appearing in exhibition are also included. Interpretive materials of an historical nature---those that post-date the architect's life---appear in the References or Other Sources sections, below.

Honors & Awards

This section appears as relevant, and includes honors and awards both architectural and otherwise.

Notes

Notes include technical details and other clarifications made to data recorded on the page. A single note may refer to multiple data on the page. These are given in lower case alpha characters, bracketed in the text.

References

Citations to the data on the page. As with the Notes above, these are not provided in traditional footnote form in order to avoid repetition of the citation when it refers to multiple data. Citations are given in numerical characters, bracketed in the text.

Other Sources

Entries here include other sources of information about the firm or the architect that was not used as a References citation, or did not appear with the Publications & Exhibitions of the architect.

Page credits

As scholarship of the Nebraska State Historical Society and its collaborators, and unlike most wikis, entries here are signed, as appropriate. This is provided as a courtesy to scholars, students and others who may wish to use the work as a source in other research or publication, and who may wish to verify the authority behind the contribution. This, therefore, is not an anonymous work, and the public can rely on the information included here as the best research currently available. Contributions to this work are moderated; the dated authorship for each page will reflect the ongoing work and contributions.

Contribute to this work

The public is invited to contribute knowledge, images, and narratives to this work, and to submit corrections to the data listed here. In many cases your correspondence with us will provide sufficient citation to the information, but your letter should always be clear as to the source(s) of your information and should provide explicit permission for the Nebraska State Historical Society to post and cite the contribution. If submitting copies of substantial primary information, please be sure to include your mailing address so that we may contact you with any required additional paperwork. We may also wish to contact you regarding higher resolution copies of images you submit.

To contribute via email, reference the architecture wiki and the specific page(s), and mail to:

To contribute by mail, send to:

Architecture online, c/o Historic Preservation Division, Nebraska State Historical Society, P.O. Box 82554, Lincoln NE 68501-2554

Notes to this page

[1] City Directories used in compiling this work: <in progress>

Beatrice, Nebraska, Business sections: 1888, 1893, 1896, 1898, 1900, 1902, 1904, 1907, 1909, 1911-1912, 1917, 1925, 1927, 1929, 1931, 1935, 1937, 1939, 1941, 1947, 1950, 1952, 1954, 1956, 1958-1959, 1961-1964, 1966-1976. Individual listings sections: 1888, 1893, 1896, 1898, 1900, 1902, 1904, 1907, 1909, 1911-1912, 1917, 1925, 1927, 1929, 1931, 1935, 1937, 1939, 1941, 1947, 1950, 1952, 1954, 1956, 1958-1959, 1961-1964, 1966-1983, 1985-1992, 1994.

Fairbury, Nebraska,

Falls City, Nebraska,

Fremont, Nebraska,

Grand Island, Nebraska, Business section: 1903, 1906-1913, 1916-1918, 1921-1922, 1924-1927, 1929-1932, 1934-1941, 1949-1950, 1957-1958, 1961-1962, 1964-1974. Business and individual listing sections: 1976-93, 1995.

Hastings, Nebraska, Business sections: 1893, 1905, 1910, 1912-1913, 1915, 1920, 1924, 1928, 1930, 1932, 1935, 1937, 1939, 1941, 1944, 1949-1950, 1952, 1954, 1957-1958, 1961, 1963-1965, 1967-1968, 1970-1976. Individual listings sections: 1893, 1905, 1910, 1912-1913, 1915, 1920, 1924, 1928, 1930, 1932, 1935, 1937, 1939, 1941, 1944, 1949-1950, 1952, 1954, 1957-1958, 1961, 1963-1965, 1967-1968, 1970-1990, 1992-2000.

Kearney, Nebraska, Business section: 1891, 1909, 1913-1914, 1922, 1924, 1931, 1937-1938, 1947, 1952, 1955-1956, 1958, 1960-1961, 1963-1968, 1971-1976. Individual listings section: 1891, 1909, 1913-1914, 1922, 1924, 1931, 1937-1938, 1947, 1952, 1955-1956, 1958, 1960-1961, 1963-1968, 1971-1980, 1982-1994, 1998-1999.

Lincoln, Nebraska, Business section: 1873, 1876, 1878, 1880, 1881-1887, 1889-1918, 1920-1942, 1945, 1947, 1950-1951, 1953, 1955-1956, 1958-1976. Individual listings sections: 1873, 1876, 1878, 1880, 1881-1887, 1889-1918, 1920-1942, 1945, 1947, 1950-1951, 1953, 1955-1956, 1958-2000.

McCook, Nebraska, Business section: . Individual listings sections: 1886, 1926-1927, 1931, 1948, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1963, 1965-1967, 1969, 1971-1973, 1975-1978, 1980, 1982-1983, 1985-1986, 1988-1989, 1991-1996, 1998.

Nebraska City, Nebraska,

Norfolk, Nebraska,

North Platte, Nebraska, Business section: 1942, 1947, 1952, 1954, 1956, 1958, 1960, 1962-1965, 1967-1976. Individual listings sections: 1942, 1947, 1952, 1954, 1956, 1958, 1960, 1962-1965, 1967-1992, 1994.

Omaha, Nebraska, individual listings: 1866, 1868-1870, 1872-1893, 1896-1898, 1900-1904, 1906-1915, 1928-1929, 1931-1932, 1934-1935, 1937, 1939-1940, 1942, 1945-1946, 1948-1949, 1951, 1953-1959, 1961-2000.

Sarpy County, Nebraska (Bellevue-Papillion), Individual listings: 1963-1969, 1971-1973, 1975-1989, 1991-1998, 2001.

Scottsbluff-Gering, Nebraska, Business section: . Individual listings sections: 1926-1929, 1932, 1934, 1945, 1951, 1954, 1956-1957, 1959, 1962-1968, 1970-1973, 1975-1979, 1982-1983, 1985-1989, 1991-1994.

South Sioux City, Nebraska,

[2] Nebraska State Gazeteer & Business Directories: 1879-1880, 1882-1891, 1893-1895, 1902-1903, 1907, 1909, 1910-1911, 1913, 1915, 1917.

[3] Nebraska State Board of Examiners for Professional Engineers and Architects Directories consulted:

DM, 4.14.2011; 10.25.2011; 3.6.2012; 6.5.2012